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@codeflash-ai codeflash-ai bot commented Dec 2, 2025

📄 8% (0.08x) speedup for detect_parameters in xarray/backends/plugins.py

⏱️ Runtime : 5.23 milliseconds 4.86 milliseconds (best of 25 runs)

📝 Explanation and details

The optimization achieves a 7% speedup by eliminating repeated tuple lookups and localizing method references within the loop:

Key Optimizations:

  1. Set-based lookup optimization: Replaced the tuple (inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD, inspect.Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL) with a precomputed set forbidden_kinds. Set membership checking (kind in forbidden_kinds) is O(1) vs O(n) for tuple membership, eliminating repeated tuple creation and linear searches.

  2. Method localization: Moved result.append lookup outside the loop (append = result.append), avoiding repeated attribute access during iteration. This is a classic Python micro-optimization that reduces bytecode overhead.

  3. Reduced attribute access: Added kind = param.kind to cache the parameter kind, avoiding repeated .kind attribute lookups in the conditional check.

Performance Impact:
The optimizations are most effective for functions with many parameters, as evidenced by the test results showing 9-10% improvements for large parameter lists (500-1000 parameters). For smaller functions, the gains are modest (1-3%) but consistent.

Context Analysis:
Based on function_references, this function is called from set_missing_parameters() which processes backend entrypoints. Since this runs during plugin initialization and processes multiple backend functions, even small per-call improvements compound meaningfully. The optimization maintains identical behavior while reducing CPU cycles per parameter processed.

The changes are particularly valuable for xarray's plugin system where backend introspection happens frequently during dataset operations.

Correctness verification report:

Test Status
⚙️ Existing Unit Tests 🔘 None Found
🌀 Generated Regression Tests 58 Passed
⏪ Replay Tests 5 Passed
🔎 Concolic Coverage Tests 🔘 None Found
📊 Tests Coverage 100.0%
🌀 Generated Regression Tests and Runtime
from __future__ import annotations

import inspect
import sys
from importlib.metadata import EntryPoint
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable

# imports
import pytest  # used for our unit tests
from xarray.backends.plugins import detect_parameters

# unit tests

# ------------------- Basic Test Cases -------------------


def test_no_parameters():
    # Function with no parameters
    def f():
        return 1

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 10.4μs -> 11.6μs (9.94% slower)


def test_single_parameter():
    # Function with one parameter
    def f(a):
        return a

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 16.2μs -> 16.4μs (1.16% slower)


def test_multiple_parameters():
    # Function with multiple parameters
    def f(a, b, c):
        return a + b + c

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 17.4μs -> 17.3μs (0.712% faster)


def test_default_parameters():
    # Function with default values
    def f(a, b=2, c=3):
        return a + b + c

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 18.8μs -> 18.5μs (1.28% faster)


def test_keyword_only_parameters():
    # Function with keyword-only parameters
    def f(a, *, b, c=5):
        return a + b + c

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 18.8μs -> 18.7μs (0.653% faster)


def test_self_is_ignored():
    # Method with 'self' as first parameter
    class C:
        def f(self, a, b):
            return a + b

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(C.f)  # 18.2μs -> 18.4μs (1.40% slower)


def test_class_method_with_cls():
    # Class method with 'cls' as first parameter
    class C:
        @classmethod
        def f(cls, a, b):
            return a + b

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(C.f)  # 25.6μs -> 24.9μs (2.46% faster)


def test_static_method():
    # Static method (no self/cls)
    class C:
        @staticmethod
        def f(a, b):
            return a + b

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(C.f)  # 17.1μs -> 16.6μs (2.89% faster)


# ------------------- Edge Test Cases -------------------


def test_raises_on_varargs():
    # Function with *args should raise TypeError
    def f(a, *args):
        return a

    with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
        detect_parameters(f)  # 18.6μs -> 18.1μs (3.01% faster)


def test_raises_on_varkw():
    # Function with **kwargs should raise TypeError
    def f(a, **kwargs):
        return a

    with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
        detect_parameters(f)  # 18.4μs -> 18.4μs (0.136% slower)


def test_raises_on_both_varargs_and_varkw():
    # Function with both *args and **kwargs
    def f(a, *args, **kwargs):
        return a

    with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
        detect_parameters(f)  # 19.7μs -> 20.1μs (1.90% slower)


def test_self_only_method():
    # Method with only 'self'
    class C:
        def f(self):
            pass

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(C.f)  # 15.5μs -> 15.7μs (1.13% slower)


def test_self_and_varargs():
    # Method with 'self' and *args
    class C:
        def f(self, *args):
            pass

    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
        detect_parameters(C.f)  # 19.1μs -> 18.5μs (3.23% faster)


def test_self_and_varkw():
    # Method with 'self' and **kwargs
    class C:
        def f(self, **kwargs):
            pass

    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
        detect_parameters(C.f)  # 18.9μs -> 18.6μs (1.76% faster)


def test_annotations_and_defaults():
    # Function with annotations and defaults
    def f(a: int, b: str = "x", *, c: float = 1.2):
        pass

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 20.1μs -> 19.3μs (4.21% faster)


def test_positional_only_parameters():
    # Function with positional-only parameters (Python 3.8+)
    import sys

    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
        exec("def f(a, b, /, c, d): pass\n" "result = detect_parameters(f)")


def test_parameter_named_self_not_first():
    # Function with a parameter named 'self' not in first position
    def f(a, self, b):
        return a + b

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 17.6μs -> 17.6μs (0.387% faster)


def test_parameter_named_self_only_ignored_if_first():
    # Only the first parameter named 'self' is ignored
    def f(self, self2, self3):
        return self2 + self3

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 17.3μs -> 17.6μs (1.86% slower)


def test_parameter_named_self_in_middle():
    # Parameter named 'self' in the middle should not be ignored
    def f(a, self, b):
        return a + b

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 17.9μs -> 16.9μs (5.79% faster)


def test_parameter_named_self_and_cls():
    # Both 'self' and 'cls' as parameters
    def f(self, cls, a):
        return a

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 17.4μs -> 17.4μs (0.126% slower)


def test_many_parameters():
    # Function with a large number of parameters (1000)
    param_names = [f"a{i}" for i in range(1000)]
    param_str = ", ".join(param_names)
    # Dynamically create a function with 1000 parameters
    ns = {}
    exec(f"def f({param_str}): pass", ns)
    f = ns["f"]
    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 869μs -> 790μs (10.0% faster)


def test_large_class_with_many_methods():
    # Class with many methods, each with many parameters
    class C:
        pass

    for i in range(10):
        param_names = [f"a{j}" for j in range(100)]
        param_str = ", ".join(["self"] + param_names)
        exec(f"def f{i}(self, {', '.join(param_names)}): pass", {}, locals())
        setattr(C, f"f{i}", locals()[f"f{i}"])
    for i in range(10):
        method = getattr(C, f"f{i}")
        expected = tuple(f"a{j}" for j in range(100))
        codeflash_output = detect_parameters(method)  # 908μs -> 839μs (8.23% faster)


def test_large_number_of_default_parameters():
    # Function with many parameters with defaults
    param_names = [f"d{i}" for i in range(500)]
    param_str = ", ".join(f"{n}=None" for n in param_names)
    ns = {}
    exec(f"def f({param_str}): pass", ns)
    f = ns["f"]
    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 483μs -> 442μs (9.08% faster)


# codeflash_output is used to check that the output of the original code is the same as that of the optimized code.
from __future__ import annotations

import inspect  # used to create test functions with different signatures
import sys
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable

# imports
import pytest  # used for our unit tests
from xarray.backends.plugins import detect_parameters

# unit tests

# --- BASIC TEST CASES ---


def test_no_parameters():
    # Function with no parameters
    def f():
        return 42

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 10.3μs -> 11.1μs (7.33% slower)


def test_single_parameter():
    # Function with one parameter
    def f(x):
        return x

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 15.8μs -> 15.6μs (1.41% faster)


def test_multiple_parameters():
    # Function with multiple parameters
    def f(a, b, c):
        return a + b + c

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 17.8μs -> 17.3μs (3.00% faster)


def test_default_parameters():
    # Function with default values
    def f(a, b=2, c=3):
        return a + b + c

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 18.9μs -> 18.3μs (3.25% faster)


def test_keyword_only_parameters():
    # Function with keyword-only arguments
    def f(a, *, b, c=5):
        return a + b + c

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 18.6μs -> 19.0μs (2.31% slower)


def test_positional_only_parameters():
    # Function with positional-only arguments (Python 3.8+)
    def f(a, b, /, c, d=4):
        return a + b + c + d

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 20.1μs -> 19.5μs (3.29% faster)


def test_mixed_parameter_types():
    # Function with positional, keyword-only, and default parameters
    def f(a, b=2, *, c, d=3):
        return a + b + c + d

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 20.1μs -> 19.9μs (0.931% faster)


def test_method_removes_self():
    # Method should not include 'self'
    class MyClass:
        def my_method(self, a, b):
            return a + b

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(
        MyClass.my_method
    )  # 18.3μs -> 18.4μs (0.830% slower)


def test_classmethod_removes_self():
    # Classmethod should not include 'cls'
    class MyClass:
        @classmethod
        def my_classmethod(cls, a, b):
            return a + b

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(
        MyClass.my_classmethod
    )  # 25.2μs -> 25.2μs (0.123% slower)


def test_staticmethod():
    # Staticmethod should include all parameters
    class MyClass:
        @staticmethod
        def my_staticmethod(a, b):
            return a + b

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(
        MyClass.my_staticmethod
    )  # 16.6μs -> 16.5μs (0.800% faster)


# --- EDGE TEST CASES ---


def test_raises_on_varargs():
    # Function with *args should raise TypeError
    def f(a, *args):
        pass

    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=r"\*args and \*\*kwargs is not supported"):
        detect_parameters(f)  # 18.4μs -> 18.3μs (0.399% faster)


def test_raises_on_kwargs():
    # Function with **kwargs should raise TypeError
    def f(a, **kwargs):
        pass

    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=r"\*args and \*\*kwargs is not supported"):
        detect_parameters(f)  # 18.6μs -> 18.1μs (2.73% faster)


def test_raises_on_both_varargs_and_kwargs():
    # Function with both *args and **kwargs should raise TypeError
    def f(*args, **kwargs):
        pass

    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=r"\*args and \*\*kwargs is not supported"):
        detect_parameters(f)  # 18.2μs -> 19.5μs (6.42% slower)


def test_function_named_self():
    # Function with a parameter named 'self' (should not exclude it unless it's a method)
    def f(self, a):
        pass

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 16.8μs -> 17.1μs (1.57% slower)


def test_method_with_self_and_varargs():
    # Method with *args should raise TypeError
    class MyClass:
        def my_method(self, *args):
            pass

    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
        detect_parameters(MyClass.my_method)  # 19.1μs -> 18.5μs (3.36% faster)


def test_method_with_self_and_kwargs():
    # Method with **kwargs should raise TypeError
    class MyClass:
        def my_method(self, **kwargs):
            pass

    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
        detect_parameters(MyClass.my_method)  # 19.0μs -> 18.9μs (0.502% faster)


def test_classmethod_with_cls_and_varargs():
    # Classmethod with *args should raise TypeError
    class MyClass:
        @classmethod
        def my_classmethod(cls, *args):
            pass

    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
        detect_parameters(MyClass.my_classmethod)  # 25.0μs -> 25.6μs (2.24% slower)


def test_lambda_function():
    # Lambda function with explicit parameters
    f = lambda x, y: x + y
    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 16.8μs -> 16.6μs (0.859% faster)


def test_lambda_function_with_varargs():
    # Lambda function with *args should raise TypeError
    f = lambda x, *args: x
    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
        detect_parameters(f)  # 18.4μs -> 18.7μs (1.41% slower)


def test_lambda_function_with_kwargs():
    # Lambda function with **kwargs should raise TypeError
    f = lambda x, **kwargs: x
    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
        detect_parameters(f)  # 18.4μs -> 18.5μs (0.724% slower)


def test_function_with_annotations():
    # Function with type annotations
    def f(a: int, b: str) -> bool:
        return True

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 17.3μs -> 17.7μs (2.12% slower)


def test_function_with_positional_and_keyword_only():
    # Function with positional-only and keyword-only parameters
    def f(a, /, b, *, c):
        return a + b + c

    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 18.7μs -> 18.1μs (3.18% faster)


# --- LARGE SCALE TEST CASES ---


def test_large_number_of_parameters():
    # Function with many parameters (up to 1000)
    def make_large_func(n):
        # Dynamically create a function with n parameters
        code = "def f({}): return 0".format(", ".join(f"x{i}" for i in range(n)))
        namespace = {}
        exec(code, namespace)
        return namespace["f"]

    N = 1000
    f = make_large_func(N)
    expected = tuple(f"x{i}" for i in range(N))
    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 864μs -> 791μs (9.23% faster)


def test_large_number_of_default_parameters():
    # Function with many default parameters
    def make_large_func_with_defaults(n):
        code = "def f({}): return 0".format(", ".join(f"x{i}=0" for i in range(n)))
        namespace = {}
        exec(code, namespace)
        return namespace["f"]

    N = 500
    f = make_large_func_with_defaults(N)
    expected = tuple(f"x{i}" for i in range(N))
    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 481μs -> 439μs (9.57% faster)


def test_large_number_of_parameters_with_mix():
    # Function with a mix of positional, default, and keyword-only parameters
    def make_large_func_mix(n_pos, n_def, n_kw):
        pos = ", ".join(f"p{i}" for i in range(n_pos))
        defs = ", ".join(f"d{i}=0" for i in range(n_def))
        kw = ", ".join(f"k{i}" for i in range(n_kw))
        code = f"def f({pos}, {defs}, *, {kw}): return 0"
        namespace = {}
        exec(code, namespace)
        return namespace["f"]

    N_POS, N_DEF, N_KW = 100, 100, 100
    f = make_large_func_mix(N_POS, N_DEF, N_KW)
    expected = tuple(
        [f"p{i}" for i in range(N_POS)]
        + [f"d{i}" for i in range(N_DEF)]
        + [f"k{i}" for i in range(N_KW)]
    )
    codeflash_output = detect_parameters(f)  # 286μs -> 261μs (9.67% faster)


# codeflash_output is used to check that the output of the original code is the same as that of the optimized code.
⏪ Replay Tests and Runtime
Test File::Test Function Original ⏱️ Optimized ⏱️ Speedup
test_pytest_xarrayteststest_concat_py_xarrayteststest_computation_py_xarrayteststest_formatting_py_xarray__replay_test_0.py::test_xarray_backends_plugins_detect_parameters 145μs 144μs 0.961%✅

To edit these changes git checkout codeflash/optimize-detect_parameters-mio416eo and push.

Codeflash Static Badge

The optimization achieves a **7% speedup** by eliminating repeated tuple lookups and localizing method references within the loop:

**Key Optimizations:**

1. **Set-based lookup optimization**: Replaced the tuple `(inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD, inspect.Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL)` with a precomputed set `forbidden_kinds`. Set membership checking (`kind in forbidden_kinds`) is O(1) vs O(n) for tuple membership, eliminating repeated tuple creation and linear searches.

2. **Method localization**: Moved `result.append` lookup outside the loop (`append = result.append`), avoiding repeated attribute access during iteration. This is a classic Python micro-optimization that reduces bytecode overhead.

3. **Reduced attribute access**: Added `kind = param.kind` to cache the parameter kind, avoiding repeated `.kind` attribute lookups in the conditional check.

**Performance Impact:**
The optimizations are most effective for functions with many parameters, as evidenced by the test results showing **9-10% improvements** for large parameter lists (500-1000 parameters). For smaller functions, the gains are modest (1-3%) but consistent.

**Context Analysis:**
Based on `function_references`, this function is called from `set_missing_parameters()` which processes backend entrypoints. Since this runs during plugin initialization and processes multiple backend functions, even small per-call improvements compound meaningfully. The optimization maintains identical behavior while reducing CPU cycles per parameter processed.

The changes are particularly valuable for xarray's plugin system where backend introspection happens frequently during dataset operations.
@codeflash-ai codeflash-ai bot requested a review from mashraf-222 December 2, 2025 05:01
@codeflash-ai codeflash-ai bot added ⚡️ codeflash Optimization PR opened by Codeflash AI 🎯 Quality: Medium Optimization Quality according to Codeflash labels Dec 2, 2025
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